The modern alliance between bourgeois progressivism and political violence was born in 19th-century Russia. It didn’t end well.
France’s second revolutionary sequel was a failure. But it looks better than its successors.
Seventy-nine years after Kristallnacht, ‘A Deadly Legacy,’ a new history of German Jewish soldiers during World War I, traces the origins of the European scapegoating that would engulf the continent some years later
Victor Sebestyen’s engaging ‘Lenin’ and Anne Applebaum’s meticulous ‘Red Famine: Stalin’s War on Ukraine’ help explain why a century later the central amorality of the unfulfilled Utopian ideal is still with us
What would have happened if the Mensheviks had come to power in Russia, instead of the Bolsheviks, 100 years ago? America gives us a clue.
Joshua Rubenstein’s new biography obscures the Russian revolutionary’s violent extremism while overemphasizing his Jewishness
A new biography tries to extinguish the myth of the kinder, gentler Trotsky
